79 docs tagged with "Substance"

Polyphenolic alkaloid; glycemic control; antimicrobial effects; microbiome modulation

Direct precursor to dopamine; supports neurotransmitter synthesis

Calming amino acid from tea; increases alpha waves; sleep-friendly

Polysaccharides with immune-modulating properties found in mushrooms and other foods

Dietary nitrate that converts to nitric oxide, supporting vascular function and mitochondrial efficiency

Complex carbohydrates with immune-modulating and gut microbiome supporting properties

Osmoregulator; GABA modulation; mitochondrial membrane stabilizer; anti-inflammatory

Lipid-soluble carotenoid that stabilizes omega-3–rich membranes; supports mitochondrial and cellular resilience

Neuroprotective carotenoid; vitamin A precursor; supports immune regulation and neuronal development

Neuroprotective carotenoid; accumulates in neural tissues and retina; supports cognitive performance

Neuroprotective carotenoid; found in tomatoes; absorption enhanced by cooking and dietary fat

Neuroprotective carotenoid; accumulates in neural tissues and retina; supports cognitive performance

Acetylcholine precursor; methyl donor; phospholipid synthesis for membranes

Electron transport chain cofactor and antioxidant relevant to mitochondrial function

Phosphocreatine system buffer for neuronal ATP demand; cognitive support evidence

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant; bioavailability enhanced with piperine and fats

Polyphenol; antioxidant; gut barrier/LPS modulation; supports microbiome

Polyphenol; antioxidant; mitochondrial support; bioavailability improved with vitamin C

Soy isoflavone; ECS modulation via FAAH inhibition; anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective

Potent antioxidant polyphenol from extra-virgin olive oil; anti-inflammatory

Phenolic compound in olive oil; neuroprotective effects and precursor to hydroxytyrosol

Secoiridoid polyphenol in extra-virgin olive oil; antioxidant and NRF2 activation

Secoiridoid polyphenol in extra-virgin olive oil; NF-κB inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects

Major secoiridoid polyphenol in olive oil; oleuropein aglycone supports mitophagy, SIRT1, and AMPK activation

Mood and cognition support; sensitive to heat/light; culinary-first use

Key aromatic compound in cinnamon; supports glycemic control and insulin sensitivity

Most abundant SCFA supporting gut barrier integrity and immune regulation

Key SCFA supporting mitochondrial function, gut barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation reduction

SCFA supporting neuroinflammation reduction, blood-brain barrier protection, and neurotransmitter regulation

Microbial metabolites supporting gut barrier, immune tone, and brain function

Microbiome-derived metabolite from ellagitannins; supports mitochondrial resilience and mitophagy

Conditionally essential amino acid; precursor for creatine and nitric oxide synthesis

Nonessential amino acid; inhibitory neurotransmitter; supports sleep, gut barrier repair, and glutathione production

Dopamine and norepinephrine precursor; LAT1 competition with LNAAs

Essential AA; precursor to histamine; roles in enzyme active sites

Essential BCAA; energy metabolism; complements leucine/valine

Essential BCAA; mTOR signaling; protein synthesis; cognitive load support

Essential AA; limiting in many cereals; complements legumes

Essential AA; precursor to SAMe via methylation cycle

Essential AA; precursor to tyrosine → catecholamines

Essential AA; structural proteins; mucin production

Serotonin/melatonin precursor; NAD+ pathway substrate; LAT1 transport dynamics

Essential BCAA; supports protein balance and neurotransmitter transport competition

Key brain phospholipid; carrier for DHA/EPA and acetylcholine precursor pathway

Brain phospholipid; precursor to PC and NAPE → NAEs (PEA/OEA/AEA)

Neuronal membrane phospholipid; cognition; stress modulation

Essential omega-3 precursor; limited conversion to DHA/EPA

Accounts for ~10–15% of total brain fatty acids, 20–30% of neuronal phospholipids (PE, PS), and >90% of brain omega-3 PUFA; critical for membrane fluidity, synaptic vesicle fusion, neurodevelopment

The "intermediate" between EPA ↔ DHA; important in vascular health, repair, and immune modulation

Potent anti-inflammatory; precursor to E-series resolvins; modulates dopamine and serotonin signalling

(EPA, DHA) Anti-inflammatory, membrane, and neuromodulatory lipids central to BRAIN Diet

Omega-6 PUFA; eicosanoid precursor; balance with omega-3s

Essential omega-6; precursor to arachidonic acid and eicosanoids

Medium-chain triglyceride (C10) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain triglyceride (C6) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain triglyceride (C8) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain fatty acids (C8, C10) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Bone health; neurotransmission; interacts with vitamin D and K2

Enzymatic cofactor (>300 reactions); neurotransmitters; mitochondria; redox balance

Electrolyte for nerve transmission, muscle function, and blood pressure regulation

Electrolyte for fluid balance and nerve function

Cofactor in redox enzymes; dopamine β-hydroxylase; iron metabolism interplay

Thyroid hormone synthesis; neurodevelopment; neurotransmitter regulation

Oxygen transport; dopamine synthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase cofactor)

Cofactor for MnSOD (SOD2); mitochondrial antioxidant defense

Antioxidant enzyme cofactor (GPx); supports redox balance

Cofactor in neurotransmission and antioxidant enzymes; dopamine modulation

Neurodevelopment; immune regulation; antioxidant via carotenoids

Mitochondrial glucose metabolism; ATP synthesis; rapid turnover in CNS

Methylation; myelin; mitochondrial odd-chain FA metabolism

FMN/FAD coenzymes; redox balance; supports methylation via MTHFR

NAD+ precursor; supports mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production

CoA synthesis; fatty-acid oxidation; TCA cycle flux

PLP cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis; relies on brain PDXK activation

One-carbon metabolism; methylation; homocysteine recycling

Antioxidant; supports iron absorption; neuronal SVCT2 transport

Neurotrophic and immune modulation; calcium homeostasis

Lipid-phase antioxidant; protects PUFA (DHA) in membranes

Calcium handling; potential roles in brain health; often co-occurs with fat-soluble vitamins