Copper
Overview
Copper is an essential trace mineral that functions as a cofactor in numerous redox enzymes and antioxidant systems. In the brain, copper is particularly important as a cofactor for dopamine β-hydroxylase, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, making it essential for catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesis. Copper participates in antioxidant enzyme networks and interacts closely with iron metabolism, with the balance between these two minerals being important for preventing oxidative stress. Copper also works with zinc in metallothionein proteins that help detoxify heavy metals.
Recipes
5 recipes containing this substance
Ginger Yogurt and Blueberries
An Anti-inflammatory polyphenol-rich breakfast bowl with high fibre. Start the day with anti-inflammatory gingerols and omega 3 nuts, blueberry polyphenols, a fibre from steel rolled oats. Great to set up dopamine for focus and attention.
Matcha Mitochondria Smoothie
Mitochondrial energising smoothie rich in polyphenols, magnesium, and antioxidants
Mitochondrial Power Bowl
A nitrate-rich, polyphenol-dense bowl supporting mitochondrial function, ATP generation, and metabolic resilience
Rocket Lentil Avocado Midday Salad (Gut-Supporting)
Polyphenol-rich salad supporting SIRT1 activation and microbiome synchronisation
Turmeric Lentil Dahl
Anti-inflammatory curcumin-rich lentil dish supporting gut health, NF-κB inhibition, and SCFA production
Foods
13 foods containing this substance
Almonds
Vitamin E, plant protein, and healthy fats
Black Beans
Legume with polyphenols and protein; optimal soaking conditions detailed
Cashews
Plant protein and zinc source
Chickpeas
Legume providing protein, fiber, folate, magnesium, and B6
Kale
Leafy green rich in iron, magnesium, zinc, quercetin, and carotenoids
Lentils
Legume rich in protein, fiber, folate, iron, and prebiotics
Peanuts
Niacin, resveratrol, and plant protein for NAD+ and mitochondrial support
Sourdough Bread
Fermented bread with GABA, improved amino acid bioavailability, and optimized Maillard products
Spinach
Leafy green rich in iron, magnesium, folate, and carotenoids
Sunflower Seeds
Thiamine source and sunflower lecithin precursor
Tempeh
Fermented soy providing probiotics and enhanced nutrient bioavailability
Tofu
Soy-based protein source with isoflavones and choline
Walnuts
ALA omega-3, polyphenols, and ellagitannins for urolithin A production
Biological Mechanisms and Implications
| Biological Target | Therapeutic Areas | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | Participates in redox enzymes and antioxidant networks | |
| Neurochemical Balance | Cofactor in dopamine β-hydroxylase, supporting catecholamine synthesis; supports norepinephrine synthesis | |
| Oxidative Stress | Included in antioxidant enzyme networks; interacts with iron metabolism affecting oxidative stress |
References
- Copper participates in redox enzymes and catecholamine synthesis; interacts with iron metabolism; balance is important for neural function
- Included in antioxidant enzyme networks and mineral interactions affecting oxidative stress