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Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Overview​

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is made from riboflavin through FMN. Human riboflavin kinase catalyses the first step and FLAD1 FAD synthase catalyses the second [1,2]. Glutathione reductase uses bound FAD in its NADPH-dependent regeneration of reduced glutathione [3]. These reaction identities do not establish that extra riboflavin increases recycling in every tissue.

Dietary Context​

Food riboflavin supplies an upstream precursor. A food riboflavin amount is not an amount of FAD or a measured conversion yield. No direct food-content relationship is created here.

Research Spotlights & Evidence Checks​

The established reaction route supports precursor identity. The PM6 dietary assessment additionally uses human red-cell enzyme evidence; neither source measures a food-to-FAD yield or brain recycling flux.

Foods​

No verified direct food-content relationships are recorded. See upstream dietary pathways separately.

Recipes​

No recipes are linked through verified direct-content food relationships. Upstream dietary pathways are shown separately.

Biological Regulatory Systems​

Biological Regulatory SystemEvidence-qualified relationshipEvidence
Inflammation & Oxidative StressFAD supports glutathione reductase in antioxidant recycling. Riboflavin is the assessed dietary precursor, not a measured food FAD dose.[3]

References​

[1] UniProt Consortium (2026). Human riboflavin kinase, Q969G6. Entry version 195, retrieved 26 October 2026; Rhea 14357. Curated reaction provenance, not an independent dietary experiment.

[2] UniProt Consortium (2026). Human FLAD1, Q8NFF5. Entry version 182, retrieved 26 October 2026; Rhea 17237. Curated FMN-to-FAD reaction provenance.

[3] UniProt Consortium (2026). Human glutathione reductase, P00390. Retrieved 26 October 2026. Cofactor and regeneration-reaction provenance.