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Bioactive Compounds

Beta-Glucans

Polysaccharides with immune-modulating properties found in mushrooms and other foods

Chemical structure

Glutathione

Endogenous γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine tripeptide and GSH/GSSG redox resource pool; nutritionally relevant through precursor supply, synthesis and recycling rather than as a vitamin.

N-acetylcysteine

Supplemental cysteine precursor. The glutathione result used it together with glycine in older adults. It is not food cysteine.

Nitrate

Dietary nitrate that converts to nitric oxide, supporting vascular function and mitochondrial efficiency

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates with immune-modulating and gut microbiome supporting properties

Chemical structure

Spermidine

A dietary and endogenous polyamine studied in cellular recycling and mitochondrial maintenance; human cognitive benefit remains unestablished.

Chemical structure

Taurine

Osmoregulator; GABA modulation; mitochondrial membrane stabilizer; anti-inflammatory

Uridine

Nucleoside that can supply CTP for CDP-choline. UMP and uridine-plus-DHA combinations are separate exposures.