70 docs tagged with "Nutrient"

Trimethylglycine in beets, spinach, wheat germ and quinoa; methyl donor for BHMT, with brain effects not yet established.

Essential methyl-donor nutrient in eggs, meat and milk; mapped to BRS2 one-carbon metabolism and BRS6 hepatic lipid export.

Conditionally essential amino acid; precursor for creatine and nitric oxide synthesis

Non-protein amino acid that contributes to arginine and nitric oxide pathway context

Sulfur amino acid made from methionine. Food tables report cystine. Mapped to glutathione assembly with the formula-diet limits.

Amino acid and the substrate of GAD and of the first step of glutathione assembly. Intracellular roles are not a requirement to eat glutamate.

Amino acid used by enterocytes. Adult trials do not show a general permeability benefit. A postinfectious IBS supplement result stays in that group.

Nonessential amino acid in collagen-rich foods. Substrate of glutathione assembly. Trials of glycine taken alone report psychiatric-symptom changes and small, high-bias sleep findings.

Amino acid condensed with homocysteine by cystathionine beta-synthase. Diet and endogenous synthesis can both supply it.

Dopamine and norepinephrine precursor; LAT1 competition with LNAAs

Essential AA; precursor to histamine; roles in enzyme active sites

Essential BCAA; energy metabolism; complements leucine/valine

Essential BCAA; mTOR signaling; protein synthesis; cognitive load support

Essential AA; limiting in many cereals; complements legumes

Essential AA; precursor to SAMe via methylation cycle

Essential AA; precursor to tyrosine → catecholamines

Essential AA; structural proteins; mucin production

Serotonin/melatonin precursor; NAD+ pathway substrate; LAT1 transport dynamics

Essential BCAA; supports protein balance and neurotransmitter transport competition

A branched α-L-arabinofuranose polysaccharide and a neutral side chain of pectin. Local evidence is one pea-fibre arabinan, not every arabinan source.

The studied combined oligosaccharide preparation. Its fermentation result is not evidence for either class alone, and it is not oligofructose.

A class of plant cell-wall polysaccharides. Apple pectin, citrus pectin, and generic fermentation substrates are separate evidence records.

Starch that escapes small-intestinal digestion. Type 2 mouse feeding, resistant potato starch, and RS2/RS3 cultures are separate exposures.

Longer-chain inulin-type fructan. The mouse mucus result used oligofructose-enriched inulin, which is not inulin alone and not oligofructose alone.

Short-chain inulin-type fructan mixture. FOS and fructooligosaccharides overlap with this name but are not exact synonyms.

The sugar used as a luminal sensory stimulus in a mouse neuropod–vagal circuit. That experiment is not a reason to eat more glucose.

Principal dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1 n-9); not synonymous with MUFA or omega-9

Key brain phospholipid; carrier for DHA/EPA and acetylcholine precursor pathway

Brain phospholipid; precursor to PC and NAPE → NAEs (PEA/OEA/AEA)

Neuronal membrane phospholipid; cognition; stress modulation

Essential omega-3 precursor; limited conversion to DHA/EPA

Accounts for ~10–15% of total brain fatty acids, 20–30% of neuronal phospholipids (PE, PS), and >90% of brain omega-3 PUFA; critical for membrane fluidity, synaptic vesicle fusion, neurodevelopment

The "intermediate" between EPA ↔ DHA; important in vascular health, repair, and immune modulation

Potent anti-inflammatory; precursor to E-series resolvins; modulates dopamine and serotonin signalling

(EPA, DHA) Anti-inflammatory, membrane, and neuromodulatory lipids central to BRAIN Diet

Omega-6 PUFA; eicosanoid precursor; balance with omega-3s

Essential omega-6; precursor to arachidonic acid and eicosanoids

Medium-chain triglyceride (C10) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain triglyceride (C6) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain triglyceride (C8) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Medium-chain fatty acids (C8, C10) providing rapid brain energy via ketone production

Bone health; neurotransmission; interacts with vitamin D and K2

Enzymatic cofactor (>300 reactions); neurotransmitters; mitochondria; redox balance

Structural phosphate in ATP, phosphocreatine, phospholipids, DNA/RNA, and signalling

Electrolyte for nerve transmission, muscle function, and blood pressure regulation

Electrolyte for fluid balance and nerve function

Ultratrace mineral; bone, hormone, and vitamin D metabolism support

Trivalent chromium; insulin signalling and glucose handling support

Essential cuproenzyme cofactor for catecholamine synthesis, iron efflux and redox defence; mapped to BRS1, BRS3, BRS5 and BRS6.

Thyroid hormone synthesis; neurodevelopment; neurotransmitter regulation

Oxygen transport; dopamine synthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase cofactor)

Cofactor for MnSOD (SOD2); mitochondrial antioxidant defense

Antioxidant enzyme cofactor (GPx); supports redox balance

Cofactor in neurotransmission and antioxidant enzymes; dopamine modulation

A reduced form of vitamin B9 in foods, and the methyl donor for homocysteine remethylation.

The riboflavin-derived cofactor that accepts NADH electrons at the start of mitochondrial complex I.

All-trans-retinoic acid made in the body from dietary retinol or beta-carotene, not stored in the food.

Neurodevelopment; immune regulation; antioxidant via carotenoids

Mitochondrial glucose metabolism; ATP synthesis; rapid turnover in CNS

Methylation; myelin; mitochondrial odd-chain FA metabolism

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and FAD coenzymes; redox balance; supports methylation via MTHFR

NAD+ precursor; supports mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production

CoA synthesis; fatty-acid oxidation; TCA cycle flux

PLP cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis; relies on brain PDXK activation

One-carbon metabolism; methylation; homocysteine recycling

Antioxidant; supports iron absorption; neuronal SVCT2 transport

Neurotrophic and immune modulation; calcium homeostasis

Lipid-phase antioxidant; protects PUFA (DHA) in membranes

Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) from green plants; required for vitamin K–dependent carboxylation.

Calcium handling; potential roles in brain health; often co-occurs with fat-soluble vitamins