Carotenoids
Astaxanthin
Lipid-soluble carotenoid that stabilizes omega-3–rich membranes; supports mitochondrial and cellular resilience
Lutein
Neuroprotective carotenoid; accumulates in neural tissues and retina; supports cognitive performance
Lycopene
Neuroprotective carotenoid; found in tomatoes; absorption enhanced by cooking and dietary fat
Zeaxanthin
Neuroprotective carotenoid; accumulates in neural tissues and retina; supports cognitive performance
β-Carotene
Neuroprotective carotenoid; vitamin A precursor; supports immune regulation and neuronal development