BRS2(FM1) - Methylation Cycle Efficiency
1. Definition
Integrated regulation of Folate/B12-Dependent Homocysteine Remethylation, Betaine/BHMT Remethylation, SAMe Synthesis, and Methionine Cycle Flux, influencing one-carbon flux, homocysteine recycling, and methyl donor availability.
2. Intervention Breakdown
Food-State Dominant
3. Functional Role
↑ SAMe availability; ↓ homocysteine; ↑ methylation capacity
4. Mechanistic Basis (Implementation of PMs)
Diet-actionable control point regulating one-carbon flux, homocysteine recycling, and methyl donor availability.
PM1 governs Folate/B12-Dependent Homocysteine Remethylation. PM2 governs Betaine/BHMT Remethylation. PM3 governs SAMe Synthesis. PM4 governs Methionine Cycle Flux.
Together, these PMs operationalise BRS2(FM1) as a coordinated methylation and one-carbon control point.
5. Underlying Mechanisms and Requirements
5.1 Cofactors and Substrates
| PM | Cofactors | KC substrates |
|---|---|---|
| BRS2(PM1) | B2 | B12, betaine, choline, folate (KC1) |
| BRS2(PM2) | zinc | B12, betaine, choline, folate (KC1) |
| BRS2(PM3) | magnesium | amino acid support, cysteine, glycine, methionine (KC2) |
| BRS2(PM4) | B2, B6, B12 | B12, betaine, choline, folate (KC1); amino acid support, cysteine, glycine, methionine (KC2) |
5.2 PMs (Primary Mechanisms)
- BRS2(PM1) - Folate/B12-Dependent Homocysteine Remethylation
- BRS2(PM2) - Betaine/BHMT Remethylation
- BRS2(PM3) - SAMe Synthesis
- BRS2(PM4) - Methionine Cycle Flux
5.3 KCs (Key Constraints)
5.4 Cross-BRS Links
- None listed
6. Dietary Levers
Diet
- B12 ← eggs, liver
- Betaine ← beetroot, spinach
- Choline ← eggs, liver
- Folate ← leafy greens, legumes
- Methionine ← eggs, meat, fish
7. Lifestyle Levers
Lifestyle
- Regular meal timing and sleep regularity may support daily one-carbon rhythm context alongside dietary methyl-donor intake.
- Stress and recovery patterns may influence methylation demand indirectly; dietary substrate remains primary for this FM.
8. Scoreable Inputs & Modulation Signals
These inputs are used within the BRAIN Diet ontology to generate evidence-constrained estimates of plausible BRS2 support. They are not direct measures of clinical efficacy.
Scoreable Input Categories
| Input Category | Example Inputs | Functional Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Property Potentials | methyl_donor_pattern; transsulfuration_support; choline_phospholipid_context | May support methylation cycle efficiency. |
| Realised Functional States | consistent_methyl_donor_coverage; homocysteine_modulation_context | May reflect integrated FM support at recipe level. |
| Substance / Nutrient Signals | folate; B12; choline; betaine; methionine; omega-3 | Nutrient signals linked to dietary interventions for this FM. |
| Preparation Transformations | minimally_processed; whole_food_matrix | May preserve methyl-donor and cofactor density. |