Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Acetate

Microbial short-chain fatty acid; gut–brain research remains distinct from evidence of clinical benefit.

Butyrate

Key SCFA supporting mitochondrial function, gut barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation reduction

Propionate

SCFA supporting neuroinflammation reduction, blood-brain barrier protection, and neurotransmitter regulation

Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Microbial metabolites supporting gut barrier, immune tone, and brain function